Julie Buring is a professor of medicine and the Director of Clinical Research at the Division for Research and Education in Complementary Medical Therapies at the Harvard Medical School.

Alternative medicine is a topic that has provoked a great deal of controversy and "has so much need for well-conducted research," states Dr. Buring. Harvard Medical School is attempting to meet this need at the Osher Institute by conducting research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). The Osher Institute is a division of the Harvard Medical School with the mission of researching, investigating, and delivering educational programs to the medical community.

Complementary medicines are defined as those used in conjunction with conventional medicines; alternative medicines are used in place of conventional ones; and integrative medicine combines medical therapies and CAM therapies for which there is scientific evidence of safety and efficacy. However, the safety and efficacy of many complementary and alternative medicines have not yet been demonstrated. CAM therapies are divided into five domains, including biologically-based systems, body-based systems, mind-body medicines, energy therapies, and alternative medical systems (such as homeopathy and naturopathy). The most commonly used CAM therapies from within these domains are chiropractic therapy, massage therapy, herbal remedies, and relaxation techniques, and these are often used in combination. Dr. Buring describes several studies conducted by Dr. Eisenberg (Director of the Osher Institute and expert on CAM research) in the 1990s. In these studies, researchers were surprised to discover the dramatic increase in the use of CAM therapies and the greater out-of-pocket expenditures for visits to CAM providers. The discovery that the disclosure rate of patients to their physicians concerning the additional use of CAM therapies was only about forty percent in both 1990 and 1997 was equally surprising.

Dr. Buring discusses many of the "pull factors" attracting people to alternative medicines, such as the assumption that what is natural is necessarily safe. Ephedra is a well-known example of why "just because it's natural doesn't mean it's safe." Dr. Buring states that although research has shown that the use of Ephedra is cause for concern, due to insufficient studies there is not yet enough evidence to prove its safety or harm. Studies must be the "cornerstone of recommendations of use" for CAM therapies, and the Harvard Medical School is working to provide information that is essential to making educated and beneficial health care decisions about CAM.