Nancy Krieger brings this series of presentations to a close, saying there is "no way to understand people without understanding that we again are social beings and biological organisms simultaneously and that reproductive health and sexuality are part of that." We must see the biology in its social context to understand human health and disease, as well as sexuality. The goal of this panel is to propel this kind of integration and an understanding of how trends are "fundamentally shaped and cannot be understood apart from the social context in which these biological processes are going on."

In order to make important changes, work needs to be done at every level and within every field. More importantly, this work needs to be integrated with an understanding that "it's about the body, and it's also about the spirit in that body." These levels are simultaneous and fundamental to an understanding of reproductive health. "You cannot divorce the biological and the social. It's extremely dangerous to do so. But the social needs to be informed by the deep biological understanding," says Krieger.